SPHR Certification Practice Exam 2025 – Complete Preparation Resource

The correct answer is division of labor, which refers to the specialization of tasks within an organization. In an HR department where distinct roles are assigned for recruiting, performance management, and employee relations, each function is performed by specialists who bring specific expertise to their roles.

This specialization allows individuals to focus on particular areas, enhancing efficiency and effectiveness because each team member can develop deep knowledge and skills in their designated task. As a result, the HR department can operate more smoothly and effectively, as tasks are carried out by those most qualified to perform them.

In contrast, the other choices highlight different organizational elements. Span of control pertains to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively oversee, while hierarchy of authority refers to the structure in which authority flows from the top of the organization to the bottom. Generalists and specialists differentiate between those who handle a broad range of tasks versus those who focus on specific areas, but the emphasis on distinct roles in this context is best captured by the idea of division of labor.